Consider statements about human nutrition: 1. Calcium is essential for blood clotting. 2. Iron is a component of hemoglobin. 3. Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Which are correct? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

Consider statements about human nutrition: 1. Calcium is essential for blood clotting. 2. Iron is a component of hemoglobin. 3. Iodine is required for thyroid hormone synthesis. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 3 only

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Calcium ions (Ca2+) are essential cofactors in the blood coagulation cascade, required for converting prothrombin to thrombin. Iron is the central atom in the heme group of hemoglobin, enabling oxygen transport in red blood cells. Iodine is an indispensable component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). All three statements are biologically accurate.

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The structure of DNA was discovered by:

A. Watson and Crick

B. Hershey and Chase

C. Beadle and Tatum

D. Mendel and Morgan

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
James Watson and Francis Crick, in 1953, proposed the double helix model of DNA based on X-ray diffraction data from Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins. Mendel discovered laws of heredity, Morgan linked genes to chromosomes, Beadle and Tatum proposed one gene-one enzyme, Hershey and Chase confirmed DNA as genetic material.

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Question #2

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The process of mRNA synthesis from DNA is called:

A. Transcription

B. Translation

C. Transformation

D. Replication

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Transcription, catalyzed by RNA polymerase, copies the genetic information from a DNA template into a complementary mRNA strand. Translation is protein synthesis.

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Question #3

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The hormone aldosterone, which acts on the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct to increase sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion, is secreted by the:

A. Zona glomerulosa of the adrenal cortex

B. Zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex

C. Anterior pituitary

D. Adrenal medulla

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid hormone secreted by the zona glomerulosa, the outermost layer of the adrenal cortex. Its primary function is to regulate electrolyte balance by promoting the active reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and the excretion of potassium (K+) and hydrogen ions (H+) in the distal tubules and collecting ducts of the kidneys. The zona fasciculata secretes glucocorticoids (cortisol).

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