Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism. It is caused by the production of autoantibodies that: MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism. It is caused by the production of autoantibodies that:
A. Target the parathyroid glands
B. Block the TSH receptors on the thyroid gland
C. Destroy the thyroid follicular cells
D. Mimic TSH and continuously stimulate the TSH receptors
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition where the immune system produces thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs). These autoantibodies bind to and mimic the action of Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) on the TSH receptors of the thyroid gland. This continuous, unregulated stimulation causes the thyroid to overproduce thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), leading to hyperthyroidism, goiter, and often exophthalmos (bulging eyes).
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Fossils are direct evidence showing transitional forms. Lamarck proposed use and disuse, not natural selection. Analogous organs do not indicate common ancestry; homologous do. Appendix is vestigial.
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The pituitary gland controls many other endocrine glands via tropic hormones (TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH). It is regulated by the hypothalamus. Thus, it is often called the master gland.
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Acromegaly is the enlargement of bones and soft tissues due to overproduction of growth hormone in adults after growth plates have fused. Gigantism occurs in childhood, dwarfism GH deficiency, cretinism congenital hypothyroidism.
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