Modern History of India MCQs

History GK

Modern History of India MCQs

Practice Modern History of India MCQs with answers and detailed explanations covering the advent of Europeans, British rule in India, Governor-Generals and Viceroys, socio-religious reform movements, Revolt of 1857, Indian National Congress, freedom struggle, constitutional developments, important sessions, revolutionary movements, Gandhian era, partition of India and independence. These questions are designed for SSC, Railway, Banking, UPSC, JKSSB, Police, Defence, Teaching and other competitive examinations.

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Practice Questions

Page 32 of 108
Question #621
The first railway line in India was opened in 1853 between which two places?
A. Calcutta and Delhi
B. Bombay and Thane
C. Delhi and Agra
D. Madras and Bangalore
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The first passenger train in India ran from Bombay to Thane on 16 April 1853, covering a distance of 34 km. This marked the beginning of the Indian railway system.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #622
Who among the following was the last Mughal Emperor?
A. Shah Alam II
B. Akbar II
C. Aurangzeb
D. Bahadur Shah Zafar
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Bahadur Shah Zafar was the last Mughal emperor. After the Revolt of 1857, he was captured, tried and exiled to Rangoon, where he died in 1862. The Mughal Empire formally ended.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #623
The Revolt of 1857 began at which place?
A. Delhi
B. Meerut
C. Kanpur
D. Lucknow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Revolt of 1857 started on 10 May 1857 at Meerut, where Indian sepoys refused to use the newly introduced Enfield rifles cartridges, which were believed to be greased with animal fat.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #624
Who authored the book 'The History of the War of Indian Independence' on the 1857 revolt?
A. Jawaharlal Nehru
B. S. N. Sen
C. R. C. Majumdar
D. V. D. Savarkar
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar wrote 'The History of the War of Indian Independence' in 1909, describing the revolt of 1857 as a planned war of independence rather than a mere sepoy mutiny.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #625
The Government of India Act 1858 abolished which body and transferred power to the British Crown?
A. Board of Control
B. Court of Directors
C. East India Company
D. Governor-General's Council
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Government of India Act 1858, passed after the Revolt of 1857, abolished the East India Company and transferred the governance of India directly to the British Crown. The office of the Secretary of State for India was created.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #626
Who was the first Viceroy of India under the British Crown?
A. Lord Dalhousie
B. Lord Elgin
C. Lord Lytton
D. Lord Canning
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Lord Canning, who was the Governor-General at the time of the 1857 revolt, became the first Viceroy of India after the Government of India Act 1858. He served as Viceroy from 1858 to 1862.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #627
The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?
A. 1887
B. 1883
C. 1890
D. 1885
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Indian National Congress was founded on 28 December 1885 by A. O. Hume along with other Indian leaders. Its first session was held in Bombay under the presidency of W. C. Bonnerjee.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #628
Who among the following was the first President of the Indian National Congress?
A. W. C. Bonnerjee
B. Surendranath Banerjee
C. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
D. Dadabhai Naoroji
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee was elected the first president of the Indian National Congress at its inaugural session in Bombay in 1885.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #629
Which session of the Indian National Congress is associated with the demand for 'Swaraj' for the first time?
A. Surat, 1907
B. Calcutta, 1906
C. Bombay, 1904
D. Lahore, 1929
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
At the Calcutta session of 1906, presided over by Dadabhai Naoroji, the Congress for the first time declared 'Swaraj' (self-government) as its goal.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #630
The partition of Bengal was announced in 1905 by which Viceroy?
A. Lord Curzon
B. Lord Hardinge
C. Lord Minto
D. Lord Chelmsford
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Lord Curzon, the then Viceroy of India, announced the partition of Bengal on 20 July 1905, which came into effect on 16 October 1905. The partition was annulled in 1911.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #631
The Swadeshi Movement was officially launched at which session of the Indian National Congress?
A. Banaras Session, 1905
B. Calcutta Session, 1906
C. Surat Session, 1907
D. Bombay Session, 1904
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Swadeshi Movement was proclaimed at the Banaras session of the Congress in 1905, presided over by Gopal Krishna Gokhale, to oppose the partition of Bengal.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #632
Which extremist leader is known for the slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'?
A. Bipin Chandra Pal
B. Aurobindo Ghosh
C. Lala Lajpat Rai
D. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Bal Gangadhar Tilak, a prominent extremist leader, gave this powerful slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it' during the freedom struggle, inspiring many.
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Question #633
The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as?
A. Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
B. Government of India Act 1919
C. Minto-Morley Reforms
D. Rowlatt Act
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Indian Councils Act of 1909, commonly called the Minto-Morley Reforms, introduced separate electorates for Muslims and increased the size of the legislative councils.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #634
The Lucknow Pact of 1916 was signed between which two organizations?
A. Muslim League and the Hindu Mahasabha
B. Indian National Congress and the Muslim League
C. Indian National Congress and the Home Rule League
D. Indian National Congress and the British Government
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Lucknow Pact was an agreement between the Indian National Congress and the All-India Muslim League in 1916. They jointly demanded greater self-government for Indians.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #635
The Home Rule Movement in India was started by which two leaders?
A. Lala Lajpat Rai and Bipin Chandra Pal
B. Subhas Chandra Bose and Jawaharlal Nehru
C. Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Annie Besant
D. Mahatma Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Home Rule Movement was launched in 1916 with two separate leagues: one by Bal Gangadhar Tilak in April 1916 and the other by Annie Besant in September 1916, demanding self-government within the British Empire.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #636
Which act introduced a system of diarchy in the provinces in India?
A. Government of India Act, 1935
B. Government of India Act, 1919
C. Indian Councils Act, 1909
D. Indian Independence Act, 1947
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Government of India Act, 1919, based on the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced dyarchy (dual governance) in the provinces, dividing subjects into 'transferred' and 'reserved'.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #637
The Rowlatt Act of 1919 empowered the British government to?
A. Provide separate electorates to Muslims
B. Introduce provincial autonomy
C. Imprison any person without trial and suspend habeas corpus
D. Grant more legislative powers to Indians
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Rowlatt Act (1919) authorized the British government to arrest and detain any person without trial and to suspend the right of habeas corpus, leading to widespread protests led by Mahatma Gandhi.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #638
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on which date?
A. 13 April 1919
B. 10 May 1919
C. 23 March 1919
D. 6 April 1919
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
On 13 April 1919, on the occasion of Baisakhi, a large crowd gathered at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. General Dyer ordered troops to fire upon the unarmed people, killing hundreds.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #639
The Khilafat Movement was launched to protest against the treatment of which empire after World War I?
A. Ottoman Empire
B. German Empire
C. Austro-Hungarian Empire
D. Russian Empire
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924) was an agitation by Indian Muslims, led by the Ali brothers, to pressure the British government to preserve the authority of the Ottoman Sultan as the Caliph of Islam.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India
Question #640
The Non-Cooperation Movement was called off by Mahatma Gandhi after which incident?
A. Jallianwala Bagh massacre
B. Chauri Chaura incident
C. Rowlatt Satyagraha
D. Simon Commission protests
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhi in February 1922 after the Chauri Chaura incident, in which a violent mob set fire to a police station, killing 22 policemen.
This question belongs to: History GK Modern History of India

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