Modern History of India MCQs with Answers and Explanations

Question #1241

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The 'Radical Humanist Movement' was propounded by which former communist leader?

A. A. K. Gopalan

B. S. A. Dange

C. M. N. Roy

D. P. C. Joshi

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
M. N. Roy, disillusioned with communism, propounded the philosophy of Radical Humanism in the late 1940s.

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Question #1242

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The 'Sarada Act' (Child Marriage Restraint Act) of 1929 was named after?

A. Sarada Devi

B. Sardar Patel

C. Harbilas Sarda

D. Sarojini Naidu

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Act was introduced by Rai Bahadur Harbilas Sarda, hence called the Sarda Act.

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Question #1243

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The 'Hindu Code Bill' was drafted by a committee headed by which leader?

A. Jawaharlal Nehru

B. B. R. Ambedkar

C. Sardar Patel

D. Rajendra Prasad

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the chief architect of the Hindu Code Bill, which aimed to reform Hindu personal law, but he resigned when it was not passed.

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Question #1244

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The 'Right to Constitutional Remedies' is considered the heart and soul of the Constitution. Which article deals with it?

A. Article 14

B. Article 32

C. Article 21

D. Article 19

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Article 32 provides the right to move the Supreme Court for enforcement of fundamental rights, and B. R. Ambedkar called it the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution.

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Question #1245

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The 'Indian Constitution' originally had how many fundamental rights?

A. Eight

B. Ten

C. Seven

D. Six

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Originally there were seven fundamental rights, including the right to property (Article 31), which was later removed as a fundamental right.

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Question #1246

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The 'Federal Court of India' was upgraded to the Supreme Court of India in 1950. Which judge became the first Chief Justice of India?

A. Harilal J. Kania

B. M. Patanjali Sastri

C. S. Varadachariar

D. B. K. Mukherjea

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Justice H. J. Kania, who was the Chief Justice of the Federal Court, became the first Chief Justice of India.

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Question #1247

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The 'Indian Penal Code' (IPC) was drafted by which body?

A. Second Law Commission

B. Third Law Commission

C. First Law Commission

D. Constituent Assembly

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The First Law Commission, chaired by Lord Macaulay, drafted the Indian Penal Code in 1837, which was enacted in 1860.

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Question #1248

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The 'Viceregal Lodge' at Shimla was built during the tenure of which Viceroy?

A. Lord Hardinge

B. Lord Curzon

C. Lord Chelmsford

D. Lord Dufferin

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Viceregal Lodge (now Indian Institute of Advanced Study) was built during Lord Dufferin's tenure (1884-1888).

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Question #1249

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The 'India Gate' in New Delhi was built to commemorate which event?

A. Indian soldiers who died in World War I

B. 1857 Martyrs

C. Victory in World War II

D. Independence

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
India Gate, designed by Edwin Lutyens, was built as the All India War Memorial to honour the Indian soldiers who died in World War I and the Afghan Wars.

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Question #1250

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The 'Rashtrapati Bhavan' was originally known as?

A. Government House

B. Both B and C

C. Viceregal Lodge

D. Viceroy's House

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Rashtrapati Bhavan, designed by Edwin Lutyens, was originally the Viceroy's House or Government House, and was completed in 1929.

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Question #1251

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The 'Last Viceroy of India' handed over power to independent India. Who was the first Governor-General of the Dominion of India?

A. C. Rajagopalachari

B. Rajendra Prasad

C. Lord Mountbatten

D. Jawaharlal Nehru

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Lord Mountbatten became the first Governor-General of independent India on 15 August 1947.

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Question #1252

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The Battle of Talikota (1565) was fought between the Vijayanagara Empire and which alliance?

A. Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Golconda, Bidar)

B. Bahmani Sultanate

C. Mughal Empire

D. Maratha Confederacy

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The Battle of Talikota (also known as Rakkasagi-Tangadagi) was fought on 23 January 1565 between the Vijayanagara Empire and the combined forces of the Deccan Sultanates – Bijapur, Ahmednagar, Golconda, and Bidar. The Vijayanagara army was defeated, leading to the downfall of the empire.

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Question #1253

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Who founded the city of Agra in 1504?

A. Sikandar Lodi

B. Ibrahim Lodi

C. Babur

D. Akbar

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Sikandar Lodi, the Delhi Sultan, founded the city of Agra in 1504 and made it his capital. Later, Babur and Akbar developed it further.

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Question #1254

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The First Battle of Panipat (1526) was fought between Babur and which ruler?

A. Daulat Khan Lodi

B. Ibrahim Lodi

C. Rana Sanga

D. Mahmud Lodi

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The First Battle of Panipat, fought on 21 April 1526, was between Babur and Ibrahim Lodi. Babur's victory marked the beginning of Mughal rule in India.

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Question #1255

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Babur used which battle formation for the first time in the First Battle of Panipat?

A. Phalanx

B. Guerilla warfare

C. Ambush

D. Tulughma and Araba (Ottoman artillery tactics)

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Babur used the ‘Tulughma’ (flanking) and ‘Araba’ (cart-laager) formations, combining artillery and cavalry, to defeat Ibrahim Lodi’s much larger army.

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Question #1256

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The Battle of Khanwa (1527) was fought between Babur and which Rajput confederacy?

A. Medini Rai

B. Rana Pratap

C. Raja Man Singh

D. Rana Sanga

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The Battle of Khanwa was fought on 17 March 1527 near Agra between Babur and the Rajput confederacy led by Rana Sanga of Mewar. Babur's victory consolidated Mughal power in India.

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Question #1257

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Who among the following was the guardian and regent of Akbar during his early reign?

A. Birbal

B. Todar Mal

C. Abul Fazl

D. Bairam Khan

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Bairam Khan served as the regent for the young Akbar from 1556 to 1560 and led the Mughal army to victory in the Second Battle of Panipat.

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Question #1258

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The Second Battle of Panipat (1556) was fought between the Mughals and which Afghan ruler?

A. Islam Shah Suri

B. Sikandar Sur

C. Hemu Vikramaditya

D. Sher Shah Suri

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the Mughal forces under Bairam Khan (for Akbar) and Hemu (Hemu Vikramaditya), the Afghan general and ruler.

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Question #1259

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Akbar abolished the 'Jizya' tax in which year?

A. 1575

B. 1564

C. 1580

D. 1556

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Akbar abolished the Jizya tax on non-Muslims in 1564 as part of his policy of religious tolerance and Sulh-i-Kul.

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Question #1260

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The 'Ibadat Khana' (House of Worship) at Fatehpur Sikri was built by Akbar in which year?

A. 1570

B. 1585

C. 1580

D. 1575

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Akbar built the Ibadat Khana in 1575 at Fatehpur Sikri, where he held religious discussions with scholars of various faiths.

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