In binomial nomenclature, the 'type specimen' collected during the original discovery of a species is called the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Osmotic pressure (OP) is a colligative property of a solution, meaning it depends on the number of solute particles dissolved in a given volume of solvent, not on the nature or size of the particles. It is defined as the hydrostatic pressure that must be applied to a solution to prevent the net flow of water (osmosis) into the solution across a semipermeable membrane. According to the van't Hoff equation, osmotic pressure is directly proportional to the molar concentration of solute particles and the absolute temperature. The more concentrated the solution, the higher its osmotic pressure.

Explanation:
Certain bacteria, like Bacillus megaterium and Alcaligenes eutrophus, accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) such as PHB as intracellular carbon and energy storage under nutrient stress. These are used to make biodegradable plastics. E. coli is engineered for some bioplastics, but natural producers include Bacillus.

Explanation:
Bacteria are unicellular prokaryotic organisms, characterized by the absence of a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms, possessing a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, and can be unicellular (yeasts) or multicellular (molds, mushrooms). Viruses are acellular, non-cellular entities; they consist of genetic material (DNA or RNA) enclosed in a protein coat (capsid) and lack any cellular structure or metabolic machinery. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.