Cu + 4HNO₃ (conc.) → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2NO₂ + 2H₂O. Dilute HNO₃ gives NO instead of NO₂. Copper does not produce H₂ with HNO₃ because HNO₃ is an oxidizing acid.
Explanation:
Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) consists of the ammonium ion (NH4+) and the chloride ion (Cl-). The bond between NH4+ and Cl- is ionic. However, within the ammonium ion itself, the nitrogen atom is bonded to four hydrogen atoms via covalent bonds (three normal and one coordinate). Thus, it contains both.
Explanation:
Ideal gas assumptions: particles have negligible volume, no intermolecular forces, and elastic collisions. Real gases deviate due to finite molecular size and attractions. At high pressure and low temperature, real gases deviate significantly; van der Waals equation corrects. So having strong attractive forces is not an ideal gas property. Ideal gas law PV = nRT is a limiting law.
Explanation:
Covalent compounds generally have low melting and boiling points because the intermolecular forces (van der Waals forces) holding the molecules together are relatively weak compared to the strong ionic bonds in ionic compounds. They are also generally poor conductors of electricity as they lack free ions.
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