Explanation:
In electrolytic refining, impure copper is the anode, pure copper is the cathode, and CuSO₄ acidified with H₂SO₄ is the electrolyte. Copper dissolves from anode and pure copper deposits on cathode. Smelting is reduction with coke.
Explanation:
In an oxygen molecule (O₂), each oxygen atom has 6 valence electrons and needs 2 more to complete its octet. They share two pairs of electrons, forming a double covalent bond (O=O). H₂ and Cl₂ have single bonds, while N₂ has a triple covalent bond (N≡N).
Explanation:
The standard reduction potential (E°) indicates the tendency of a species to gain electrons. A higher positive E° value means a greater tendency to be reduced, making it a stronger oxidizing agent. Fluorine (F2) has the highest standard reduction potential (+2.87 V), making it the strongest oxidizing agent among the choices.
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