Statements: 1. All men are mortal. 2. Socrates is a man. Conclusions: I. Socrates is mortal. II. All mortals are men. Which conclusion(s) logically follow? MCQ with Answer and Explanation
Statements:
1. All men are mortal.
2. Socrates is a man.
Conclusions:
I. Socrates is mortal.
II. All mortals are men.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Since Socrates falls within the category of 'man', and the entire category of 'man' falls within 'mortal', Socrates must be mortal (I follows). Not all mortals are men (e.g., animals), which makes II false.
Statement: After collision of two vessels in the sea all the crewmen and passengers are declared as missing - A news report.
Conclusions:
I. No one from the two vessels has survived after the collision.
II. A few persons from the two vessels may have survived and are missing.
Explanation:
Conclusion I follows because 'declared missing' in such contexts implies no survivors have been found, so it can be concluded that no one survived. Conclusion II is contradictory; if some may have survived, they would not all be declared missing without hope.
Statements:
1. All squares are triangles.
2. No triangle is a circle.
Conclusions:
I. No square is a circle.
II. No circle is a square.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
Explanation:
Since all squares are inside the triangle category, and nothing in the triangle category touches the circle category, squares and circles can never overlap. Therefore, both 'No square is a circle' and 'No circle is a square' are true.
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