The conversion of milk to curd is primarily caused by which microorganism? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
RNA polymerase recognizes and binds to the promoter region of DNA, which is located upstream of the coding sequence. This initiates transcription. The terminator signals the end of transcription. Start codon (AUG) is on mRNA where translation begins. Enhancers are regulatory DNA sequences that increase transcription but are not the primary binding site for polymerase.

Explanation:
Pantothenic acid (vitamin B₅) is a component of coenzyme A (CoA), essential for the Krebs cycle and fatty acid metabolism. Thiamine is TPP, riboflavin FAD, biotin for carboxylation.

Explanation:
The glomerulus is a knot of capillaries enveloped by Bowman's capsule, where blood is filtered under pressure (ultrafiltration). The high hydrostatic pressure forces water, ions, glucose, and urea into the tubular system, while cells and large proteins are retained. The loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct process the filtrate.