The human disease characterized by the formation of amyloid plaques in the brain is:
A. Epilepsy
B. Alzheimer's disease
C. Parkinson's disease
D. Multiple sclerosis
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder marked by extracellular amyloid-beta plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles of tau protein, leading to memory loss and cognitive decline. Parkinson's involves dopamine neuron loss, multiple sclerosis demyelination, epilepsy seizures.
Explanation:
CNS = brain + spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) includes cranial and spinal nerves. The autonomic nervous system controls involuntary functions.
Explanation:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that is the primary regulator of red blood cell production (erythropoiesis). It is primarily produced and secreted by the interstitial fibroblasts in the kidneys (specifically in the peritubular capillary bed) in response to cellular hypoxia (low oxygen levels). A small amount is also produced by the liver. EPO travels to the bone marrow, where it stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells into mature red blood cells.
Explanation:
Mendel’s first law (segregation) states that the two alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation. Homozygous individuals have identical alleles; phenotype is observable trait; a monohybrid ratio is 3:1.
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