The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Joint Forest Management (JFM) is a concept introduced in India (first in West Bengal in 1988) to address the problem of forest degradation. It involves establishing a partnership between the state forest departments and local communities living near the forests. The communities are given the responsibility to protect and manage the degraded forest lands in exchange for a share in the produce (like non-timber forest products, timber) and employment opportunities, fostering a sense of ownership and sustainable conservation.

Explanation:
Vitamin D (specifically cholecalciferol, Vitamin D3) is unique because it can be synthesized endogenously in the human skin. When 7-dehydrocholesterol in the skin is exposed to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight, it is converted to previtamin D3, which then isomerizes to Vitamin D3. It is subsequently hydroxylated in the liver and kidneys to its active hormonal form, calcitriol, which regulates calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Explanation:
Pellagra, characterized by dermatitis, diarrhea, and dementia (3 Ds), is due to deficiency of niacin (vitamin B₃) or its precursor tryptophan. Niacin is part of NAD and NADP coenzymes.