Sulphuric acid (H₂SO₄) is historically called oil of vitriol because it was prepared by distilling green vitriol (ferrous sulfate heptahydrate). It is a dense, oily liquid. Nitric acid is aqua fortis, hydrochloric acid was called muriatic acid or spirit of salt. Sulphuric acid is the king of chemicals due to its widespread use in industries like fertilizer, petroleum refining, and chemical synthesis.
Explanation:
Stratospheric ozone absorbs harmful UV-B and UV-C radiation from the sun, protecting living organisms. Depletion by CFCs increases UV at surface. Infrared is absorbed by greenhouse gases.
Explanation:
Galvanization is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to iron or steel to prevent rusting. Zinc acts as sacrificial anode. Tinning is coating with tin (tin cans). Anodizing is an electrochemical process for aluminum to form protective oxide. Electroplating can be with any metal. Galvanized iron is used for roofing sheets, water pipes.
Explanation:
NaOH is a strong base; it dissociates to give OH⁻ ions, making the solution basic (pH >7). Bases turn red litmus blue. Acids turn blue litmus red.
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