Which of the following is a correct match regarding vitamin and its deficiency disease? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Osteomalacia is softening of bones in adults due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone pain and muscle weakness. Rickets is the childhood equivalent, affecting growth plates. Scurvy is vitamin C deficiency, kwashiorkor is protein deficiency. Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone mineralization.

Explanation:
The pyramid of energy shows the flow of energy at successive trophic levels. Energy decreases as it moves up (about 10% transfer), so the pyramid is always upright. Pyramids of number and biomass may be inverted in some ecosystems (e.g., parasitic food chains, pond ecosystem), but the energy pyramid never is, according to the second law of thermodynamics.

Explanation:
Chlorophyll a is the primary photosynthetic pigment found in all algae and is essential for the light reactions of photosynthesis. Different groups of algae also contain other accessory pigments like chlorophyll b, c, phycobilins (phycocyanin, phycoerythrin), and carotenoids (fucoxanthin), which give them their characteristic colors (green, red, brown) and help in capturing light energy.