Which of the following is a primary consumer in a food chain?
A. Fungi
B. Eagle
C. Lion
D. Grasshopper
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Primary consumers are herbivores that feed directly on producers (plants). Grasshopper feeds on grass/plants, thus a primary consumer. Lion and eagle are secondary/tertiary consumers (carnivores). Fungi are decomposers. In a food chain: Grass (producer) → Grasshopper (primary consumer) → Frog (secondary consumer) → Snake (tertiary consumer) → Eagle (quaternary consumer). Energy flows unidirectionally.
Explanation:
The medulla oblongata contains centers for heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. Hypothalamus controls temperature and hunger, cerebrum intelligence and memory, cerebellum coordination.
Explanation:
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that is the primary regulator of red blood cell production (erythropoiesis). It is primarily produced and secreted by the interstitial fibroblasts in the kidneys (specifically in the peritubular capillary bed) in response to cellular hypoxia (low oxygen levels). A small amount is also produced by the liver. EPO travels to the bone marrow, where it stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells into mature red blood cells.
Explanation:
Geotropism (gravitropism) is directional growth in response to gravity; roots show positive geotropism (downward), shoots negative (upward). Phototropism is light-directed, thigmotropism touch, hydrotropism water.
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