Sodium displaces hydrogen from water, a single displacement reaction. It is also a redox reaction (Na oxidized, H⁺ reduced). Not combination (one product), not decomposition (one reactant), not double displacement.
Explanation:
Soap molecules have a hydrophilic ionic head (COO⁻Na⁺) and a long hydrophobic hydrocarbon tail. In water, the tails aggregate away from water, forming a spherical micelle with heads outward. The hydrophobic core dissolves oily dirt, which is then washed away. This structure is stabilized by ion-dipole interactions. Detergents work similarly but with different head groups.
Explanation:
In a blast furnace, limestone (CaCO₃) decomposes to CaO, which acts as a basic flux. It reacts with the acidic impurity silica (SiO₂) to form calcium silicate slag (CaSiO₃), which is lighter and floats on top of the molten iron, allowing it to be separated and removed.
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