Which scientist first observed and described living cells? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Which scientist first observed and described living cells?
A. Robert Hooke
B. Matthias Schleiden
C. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
D. Rudolf Virchow
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch microscopist, designed single-lens microscopes and observed bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells, and RBCs for the first time, calling them 'animalcules'. Hooke observed dead cork cells. Schleiden proposed that plants are composed of cells, Virchow stated 'Omnis cellula e cellula'. Leeuwenhoek is rightly considered the father of microbiology for his pioneering observations of living microbes.
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Question #1
Mendel's Law of Segregation states that:
A. Alleles of different genes assort independently
B. During gamete formation, the two alleles for each gene separate from each other
C. Traits are blended in the offspring
D. Dominant traits are more common in the population
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The Law of Segregation (Mendel's First Law) states that an organism possesses two alleles for each trait, and these alleles separate (segregate) during the formation of gametes (meiosis). Each gamete receives only one allele. This explains why a recessive trait can disappear in the F1 generation but reappear in the F2 generation.
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Question #2
Which of the following diseases can be prevented by the BCG vaccine?
A. Diphtheria
B. Poliomyelitis
C. Tuberculosis
D. Measles
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) is a live attenuated vaccine derived from Mycobacterium bovis, used against tuberculosis, primarily in children. Polio vaccine (OPV/IPV) prevents poliomyelitis, DPT prevents diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and MMR prevents measles, mumps, rubella. BCG is often administered at birth in TB-endemic countries.
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Question #3
Which type of plastid stores starch?
A. Leucoplast
B. Etioplast
C. Chromoplast
D. Chloroplast
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Leucoplasts are colourless plastids that store nutrients: amyloplasts store starch, elaioplasts store lipids, aleuroplasts store proteins. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis, chromoplasts give yellow/orange colour (carotenoids), etioplasts are undeveloped chloroplasts in dark-grown plants. Amyloplasts are abundant in roots and tubers like potato.
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