Who was the first scientist to observe bacteria using a single-lens microscope? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question
Who was the first scientist to observe bacteria using a single-lens microscope?
A. Louis Pasteur
B. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
C. Robert Hooke
D. Joseph Lister
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1670s) constructed high-quality single-lens microscopes and was the first to observe bacteria, protozoa, sperm cells, and red blood cells, describing them as 'animalcules'. Hooke observed cells in cork. Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation, Lister introduced antiseptic surgery. Leeuwenhoek's pioneering work laid the foundation for microbiology.
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Question #1
The process by which plants absorb water from the soil is primarily through:
A. Flowers
B. Leaves
C. Root hairs
D. Stem
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Root hairs, unicellular extensions of epidermal cells in the root maturation zone, greatly increase surface area for water and mineral absorption from the soil. Water enters by osmosis. Leaves absorb some water through stomata but primarily lose water. The stem transports, and flowers are reproductive.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #2
Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is INCORRECT?
A. They lack a well-defined nucleus.
B. They possess 70S ribosomes.
C. They contain membrane-bound organelles.
D. Their genetic material is circular DNA.
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria, ER, Golgi, etc. They have a nucleoid region, 70S ribosomes, and typically a single circular chromosome. Thus, the statement that they contain membrane-bound organelles is incorrect.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
Question #3
Mendel's law of segregation is based on the separation of:
A. Sister chromatids
B. Homologous chromosomes during meiosis I
C. Centromeres
D. Non-homologous chromosomes
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The law of segregation states that two alleles of a gene segregate during gamete formation, which corresponds to the separation of homologous chromosomes in anaphase I.
This question belongs to: Science Biology
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