In recombinant DNA technology, restriction enzymes are used to: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes. It oxidizes acetyl-CoA to CO₂, producing NADH, FADH₂, and GTP. The inner membrane houses the electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in cytoplasm, the Calvin cycle in chloroplast stroma. The matrix contains the necessary soluble enzymes.

Explanation:
Gene therapy involves correcting a genetic defect by introducing a functional gene into a patient's cells. The first clinical gene therapy was given in 1990 to a 4-year-old girl with Adenosine Deaminase (ADA) deficiency, a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) caused by a mutation in the ADA gene. The functional ADA gene was introduced into her lymphocytes using a retroviral vector.

Explanation:
Carbohydrates are the body's primary and most efficient source of energy, broken down into glucose to fuel cellular activities and physical exertion. Proteins are essential macronutrients composed of amino acids, crucial for the growth, maintenance, and repair of body tissues, as well as forming enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. Fats are essential macronutrients; they provide concentrated energy, are vital for cell membrane structure, aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins, and provide essential fatty acids. They should not be entirely avoided. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.