In the context of human diseases, 'Kala-azar' is a severe parasitic disease. The vector for this disease is the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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In the context of human diseases, 'Kala-azar' is a severe parasitic disease. The vector for this disease is the:

A. Female Anopheles mosquito

B. Female Aedes mosquito

C. Female Phlebotomus sandfly

D. Female Culex mosquito

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Kala-azar, also known as visceral leishmaniasis, is a severe systemic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Leishmania donovani. The disease is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected female Phlebotomus sandfly (in the Old World) or Lutzomyia sandfly (in the New World). The sandfly injects the infective promastigote stage of the parasite into the skin during a blood meal. Anopheles transmits malaria, Aedes transmits dengue and yellow fever, and Culex transmits filariasis.

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Question #1

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The wings of a bird and the wings of an insect are examples of:

A. Vestigial organs

B. Homologous organs

C. Atavisms

D. Analogous organs

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Analogous organs are structures that perform similar functions but have different anatomical structures and evolutionary origins. The wings of a bird (modified forelimbs with bones and feathers) and the wings of an insect (membranous extensions of the exoskeleton) both evolved for flight but are not derived from a common winged ancestor. This is an example of convergent evolution.

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Question #2

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The vitamin that is essential for the normal development of the fetal neural tube is:

A. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin B₉ (folic acid)

D. Vitamin D

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Folic acid (vitamin B₉) is crucial for DNA synthesis and cell division; its deficiency during early pregnancy increases the risk of neural tube defects like spina bifida. Many countries fortify flour with folic acid. Vitamin A is for vision, C for collagen, D for calcium. Women of childbearing age are advised to take supplements.

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Question #3

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Carolus Linnaeus is known as the father of:

A. Taxonomy and Binomial Nomenclature

B. Evolution

C. Ecology

D. Genetics

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné), a Swedish botanist, zoologist, and physician, is known as the 'father of modern taxonomy'. He formalized the modern system of naming organisms called binomial nomenclature, where each species is given a two-part scientific name (genus and specific epithet). His major works include 'Systema Naturae' and 'Species Plantarum', which laid the foundation for the classification of living organisms.

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