In the human digestive system, the 'Peyer's patches' are aggregated lymphoid nodules found primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Question

In the human digestive system, the 'Peyer's patches' are aggregated lymphoid nodules found primarily in the mucosa and submucosa of the:

A. Esophagus

B. Large intestine

C. Ileum (small intestine)

D. Stomach

Answer: Option C

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Peyer's patches are organized lymphoid follicles (aggregated lymphoid nodules) located in the mucosa and submucosa of the small intestine, most abundantly in the ileum (the distal part). They are a crucial component of the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) and play a vital role in monitoring intestinal bacteria populations, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and training the immune system to recognize antigens.

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Question #1

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Which of the following statements about the pituitary gland is correct?

A. It is often called the master gland.

B. It is not connected to the hypothalamus.

C. It produces insulin.

D. It is located in the abdomen.

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The pituitary, located at the base of the brain, controls many endocrine glands via its hormones, earning the name 'master gland'. Insulin is from pancreas; it is connected to hypothalamus by infundibulum.

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Question #2

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Consider statements about human skin: 1. The epidermis is the outermost layer. 2. Sweat glands help in thermoregulation. 3. Melanin protects against UV radiation. Which are correct?

A. 2 and 3 only

B. 1 and 2 only

C. 1, 2 and 3

D. 1 and 3 only

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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The skin consists of the outer epidermis and the inner dermis. The epidermis contains melanocytes that produce melanin, a pigment that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation, protecting deeper tissues. Sweat glands in the dermis secrete sweat onto the skin surface; its evaporation removes heat, playing a crucial role in body thermoregulation. All statements are correct.

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Question #3

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The process of spermatogenesis in the male testes is stimulated by:

A. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

B. Estrogen

C. Prolactin

D. Oxytocin

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
FSH, released from the anterior pituitary, stimulates Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules to support spermatogenesis (production of sperm). Luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulates Leydig cells to produce testosterone, which is also necessary for spermatogenesis. Estrogen is female hormone, prolactin for milk, oxytocin for uterine contraction.

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