The diagonal relationship in the periodic table is most prominently seen between:
A. Beryllium and Aluminum
B. Boron and Silicon
C. All of the above
D. Lithium and Magnesium
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
The diagonal relationship occurs when elements in the second period resemble elements in the third period of the next group due to similar ionic sizes and charge-to-radius ratios (polarizing power). Li-Mg, Be-Al, and B-Si are all classic examples of this phenomenon.
Explanation:
Sodium carbonate (soda ash) is dissolved in water and crystallized to obtain washing soda. Heating baking soda gives anhydrous sodium carbonate. Brine electrolysis gives NaOH, Cl₂, H₂. Solvay process makes Na₂CO₃.
Explanation:
Electrolysis of water produces pure hydrogen and oxygen: 2H₂O → 2H₂ + O₂. Hydrogen is used in fuel cells to generate electricity. It can also be produced by steam reforming of natural gas, but electrolysis yields clean hydrogen if powered by renewable energy. Combustion of methane produces energy, not hydrogen. Neutralization gives salt and water.
Explanation:
Lead-acid battery uses dilute sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) as the electrolyte with lead dioxide (PbO₂) as positive plate and spongy lead (Pb) as negative plate. Discharge reaction: Pb + PbO₂ + 2H₂SO₄ → 2PbSO₄ + 2H₂O. It is a secondary (rechargeable) battery used in automobiles. The specific gravity of electrolyte indicates the state of charge. KOH is used in Ni-Cd and alkaline batteries.
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