The pigment that is present in the macula lutea of the eye and protects against blue light is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Lactobacillus is a lactic acid bacterium that ferments lactose in milk, producing lactic acid that coagulates proteins to form curd. Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) undergoes anaerobic respiration, producing CO2 gas that causes bread dough to rise. Aspergillus niger, a fungus, is widely used in industrial fermentation for the large-scale production of citric acid. All statements are correct.

Explanation:
Jonas Salk developed the first successful inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) in 1955. Albert Sabin later developed the oral attenuated vaccine (OPV). Jenner developed smallpox vaccine, Pasteur rabies, Koch identified tuberculosis bacillus. Polio has been nearly eradicated due to vaccination.

Explanation:
Fats provide about 9 kcal per gram, while carbohydrates and proteins provide about 4 kcal/g each. Vitamins are not energy-yielding. Therefore, fats are the most energy-dense macronutrient, serving as long-term energy storage. However, carbohydrates are the primary fuel. Excess fat storage leads to obesity. Fats also aid in absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.