The process by which a bacterial cell takes up DNA from its environment is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The process by which a bacterial cell takes up DNA from its environment is:
A. Lysogeny
B. Conjugation
C. Transformation
D. Transduction
Answer: Option C
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Transformation is the direct uptake and incorporation of naked DNA from the surroundings by a bacterium. Conjugation is DNA transfer via pilus, transduction via phage, lysogeny is phage DNA integration.

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The element present in the center of the chlorophyll molecule is:
A. Magnesium
B. Iron
C. Cobalt
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Correct Answer: Option A


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Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is the central atom in the porphyrin ring of chlorophyll, crucial for light absorption. Iron is in hemoglobin.

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Which of the following is an example of a parasitic plant?
A. Aloe vera
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Correct Answer: Option B


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Cuscuta (dodder) is a total stem parasite that wraps around the host plant and absorbs nutrients through haustoria. It lacks chlorophyll and leaves. Mimosa is sensitive plant, Nepenthes is insectivorous, Aloe vera is a succulent. Parasitic plants derive some or all of their nutrition from other living plants. Cuscuta is economically important as a weed.

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The muscle type that is under voluntary control is:
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Correct Answer: Option D


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Skeletal muscle, attached to bones, is striated and under conscious (voluntary) control. Smooth and cardiac muscles are involuntary. Skeletal muscles are responsible for locomotion and posture.

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