The protein that polymerizes to form blood clots is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Humulin is the trade name for the first genetically engineered human insulin, approved by the FDA in 1982. Prior to this, insulin for diabetic patients was extracted from the pancreases of pigs and cows, which could cause allergic reactions. Humulin is produced by inserting the human insulin genes into Escherichia coli bacteria, which then synthesize the exact amino acid sequence of human insulin, eliminating the risk of animal-derived immune reactions.

Explanation:
A test cross is used to determine the genotype of an individual expressing a dominant phenotype by crossing it with a homozygous recessive individual. The resulting phenotypic ratios reveal whether the dominant individual is homozygous (all offspring dominant) or heterozygous (1:1 ratio). It is a valuable tool in genetic analysis.

Explanation:
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, a Dutch tradesman, is credited as the 'father of microbiology'. In the 1670s, using his own handcrafted, high-quality single-lens microscopes (which could magnify up to 270x), he was the first person to observe and describe living, single-celled organisms, which he called 'animalcules'. These included bacteria, protozoa, and spermatozoa. Robert Hooke observed dead cells (cork) and coined the term 'cell'.