The tendency of an atom to gain electrons is known as:
A. Ionization energy
B. Electron affinity
C. Metallic character
D. Electropositivity
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous atom. It represents the tendency to gain electrons. Ionization energy is the energy to remove an electron. Electropositivity and metallic character relate to the tendency to lose electrons and form positive ions.
Explanation:
The element with atomic number 13 is Aluminum. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 3. Since it has 3 electrons in its outermost shell, it loses these 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, making its valency 3. It forms Al³⁺ ions in chemical compounds.
Explanation:
Ammonia reacts with CO₂ to produce urea: 2NH₃ + CO₂ → NH₂COONH₄ → (NH₂)₂CO + H₂O. It is also used to make ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, DAP, etc. Superphosphate is made by treating rock phosphate with sulfuric acid; no ammonia. Gypsum is CaSO₄·2H₂O. Potassium sulfate is K₂SO₄. Ammonia is a key intermediate in nitrogenous fertilizers.
Explanation:
CaCO₃ + 2HCl → CaCl₂ + H₂O + CO₂↑. Carbon dioxide turns limewater milky. This is a test for carbonates and bicarbonates. The reaction is used in laboratory preparation of CO₂.
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