The vitamin that is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

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The vitamin that is essential for the synthesis of prothrombin is:

A. Vitamin D

B. Vitamin A

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin K

Answer: Option D

Solution (By JKExamLibrary)

Vitamin K is required for the gamma-carboxylation of prothrombin (factor II) and other clotting factors, enabling them to bind calcium and participate in coagulation. Deficiency leads to bleeding.

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Question #1

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a technique used in genetic engineering to silence specific genes. In the development of nematode-resistant transgenic tobacco plants, the source of the silencing RNA was:

A. A bacterium

B. A virus

C. The plant's own genome

D. The nematode itself (Agrobacterium-mediated delivery of nematode genes)

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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
RNAi is a cellular defense mechanism in eukaryotes that silences specific mRNA. To create nematode-resistant tobacco, scientists used Agrobacterium as a vector to introduce nematode-specific genes into the host plant. The plant then produced both sense and anti-sense RNA for these genes. The double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) formed triggered the RNAi pathway, degrading the nematide's mRNA when it tried to express those essential genes inside the plant roots, killing the nematode.

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Question #2

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The vitamin that is a coenzyme in the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA is:

A. Riboflavin (B₂)

B. Thiamine (B₁)

C. Niacin (B₃)

D. Pyridoxine (B₆)

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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), derived from vitamin B₁, is a cofactor for pyruvate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA. Riboflavin is FAD, niacin is NAD, pyridoxine PLP for transamination.

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Question #3

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The vitamin that is required for the synthesis of clotting factors II, VII, IX, X is:

A. Vitamin K

B. Vitamin E

C. Vitamin C

D. Vitamin A

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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Vitamin K is a cofactor for γ-glutamyl carboxylase, which modifies glutamate residues in clotting factors, enabling calcium binding and coagulation.

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