Urea is synthesized by reacting ammonia and carbon dioxide under high pressure and temperature: 2NH₃ + CO₂ → NH₂COONH₄ (ammonium carbamate) → (NH₂)₂CO + H₂O. This is the Bosch-Meiser urea process. It is the most concentrated solid nitrogenous fertilizer. Urea is also used in animal feed, plastics, and pharmaceuticals.
Explanation:
Oxygen (atomic number 8) has electronic configuration 2,6. It needs 2 more electrons to complete its octet. In water (H₂O), it shares two electrons (one each with two hydrogen atoms), forming two covalent bonds. Hence valency = 2. Oxidation number is -2.
Explanation:
Oxidation is defined as the loss of electrons (or an increase in oxidation state). A reducing agent is a substance that donates electrons to another species, thereby causing the other species to be reduced. In doing so, the reducing agent itself gets oxidized. Thus, statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect.
Explanation:
Zn + H₂SO₄ → ZnSO₄ + H₂↑. Hydrogen gas is released, which burns with a pop sound. This is a test for hydrogen. Metals above hydrogen in reactivity series displace it from acids. Dilute H₂SO₄ with Zn produces H₂; with Cu, no reaction.
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