Which compound is used as a chemical sterilant and bleaching agent? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
A catalyst lowers the activation energy (Ea) by providing an alternative reaction mechanism, thereby increasing the rate of both forward and reverse reactions equally. It does not affect the equilibrium constant, enthalpy change (ΔH), or the position of equilibrium. It remains chemically unchanged after reaction. Positive catalysts speed up, negative catalysts slow down. Enzymes are biological catalysts.

Explanation:
Alpha particles, being heavy and doubly charged, cause intense ionization over a short distance. They are least penetrating. Gamma has low ionization but high penetration.

Explanation:
Extensive properties depend on the amount of substance. Number of moles (or mass, volume) is extensive. Density, refractive index, boiling point are intensive properties – they do not depend on the quantity. For example, 1 liter of water boils at 100°C, same as 10 liters. Intensive properties are useful for identifying substances.