Which of the following gases deviates most from ideal behavior at room temperature?
A. Nitrogen
B. Hydrogen
C. Helium
D. Ammonia
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Real gases deviate from ideal behavior due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. Ammonia (NH3) has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and a relatively large molecular size compared to small, non-polar gases like He, H2, and N2. Therefore, ammonia exhibits the greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior.
Explanation:
Ozone (O₃) has one coordinate bond; a central oxygen donates a lone pair to another oxygen. CH₄, NH₃, H₂O have ordinary covalent bonds, though NH₃ can donate a pair to form NH₄⁺.
Explanation:
Smelting involves heating a metal oxide ore (roasted or calcined) with a reducing agent like coke (carbon) or CO to obtain the metal in the molten state. Example: Fe₂O₃ + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO₂ in blast furnace. Calcination: heating carbonate/ hydroxide ore in absence of air. Roasting: heating sulfide ore in excess air. Leaching: chemical dissolution of ore. Smelting is a key pyrometallurgical step.
Explanation:
Sublimation is the transition of a substance directly from the solid to the gas state without becoming an intermediate liquid. Condensation is gas to liquid, evaporation is liquid to gas at any temperature, and fusion is solid to liquid. Common examples include camphor, naphthalene, and dry ice.
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