Which of the following is an example of a genetically engineered insulin-producing bacterium? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Nostoc is a cyanobacterium (blue-green alga) that fixes atmospheric nitrogen and is used as a biofertilizer in rice paddies. Anabaena azollae with Azolla is also common. Rhizobium is bacterial biofertilizer for legumes, Azospirillum is a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium. Trichoderma is a fungal biocontrol agent. BGA biofertilizers increase organic nitrogen in soil.

Explanation:
Motilin is a peptide hormone secreted by the Mo cells (or M cells) in the crypts of the duodenum and jejunum. Its secretion occurs in cycles during the fasting (interdigestive) state. Its primary function is to stimulate gastric motility and emptying, and to initiate and regulate the Migrating Motor Complex (MMC). The MMC is a pattern of electromechanical activity observed in the gastrointestinal tract during fasting, characterized by waves of contraction that sweep undigested material, bacteria, and sloughed cells from the stomach and small intestine towards the colon, acting as a 'housekeeper'.

Explanation:
The phylum Echinodermata (spiny-skinned animals like starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers) is uniquely characterized by a water vascular system used for locomotion, capture and transport of food, and respiration. The tube feet are the terminal effectors of this system. They exhibit secondary radial symmetry in adults, though their larvae are bilaterally symmetrical. Mollusks have a muscular foot, and arthropods have jointed appendages.