Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃), baking soda, is a mild base that neutralizes excess stomach acid (HCl) providing relief from acidity. Reaction: NaHCO₃ + HCl → NaCl + H₂O + CO₂. It is a component of many antacid formulations. Sodium chloride is table salt, ammonium chloride is not safe, and calcium sulfate is plaster of Paris ingredient. Milk of magnesia (Mg(OH)₂) is also an antacid.
Explanation:
There are three naturally occurring radioactive decay series: the Uranium series (4n+2), the Thorium series (4n), and the Actinium series (4n+3). The Neptunium series (4n+1) is an artificial series; its longest-lived isotope, Neptunium-237, has a half-life too short to have survived since the Earth's formation.
Explanation:
Glass is an amorphous (non-crystalline) solid; it lacks a long-range ordered structure. It is sometimes called a supercooled liquid. It softens over a temperature range rather than having a sharp melting point. Quartz (SiO₂) is crystalline.
Explanation:
pH < 7 indicates acidic. Since 4.5 is less than 7 but not extremely low (like 1-2), it is weakly acidic. Neutral pH=7, basic pH>7. A solution with pH 4 is more acidic than pH 5.
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