Ethylene (C₂H₄) is the only gaseous plant hormone, known for promoting fruit ripening, leaf abscission, and senescence. Auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, and abscisic acid are non-gaseous compounds. Ethylene is used commercially to ripen fruits like bananas and tomatoes.
Explanation:
The leavening (rising) of bread dough is caused by the anaerobic respiration (fermentation) of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast). The yeast ferments the sugars in the dough, producing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas and ethanol. The CO2 gas gets trapped in the dough, causing it to expand and rise, giving bread its light and fluffy texture.
Explanation:
Thrombin converts soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin monomers, which polymerize and cross-link to form a stable blood clot. Fibrinogen is the precursor, prothrombin is the precursor of thrombin. The clotting cascade amplifies the signal.
Explanation:
The radicle is the embryonic root, emerging first during germination, and develops into the primary root system. The plumule develops into the shoot, hypocotyl is below cotyledons, epicotyl above cotyledons. The radicle grows downward (positively geotropic) to anchor and absorb water.
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