Which scientist discovered the process of pasteurization? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Multiple Ovulation Embryo Transfer (MOET) is a reproductive technology used in cattle to rapidly multiply the offspring of superior females. Artificial insemination (AI) allows farmers to use semen from genetically superior bulls without keeping the animal, improving herd quality. Crossbreeding involves mating animals of different breeds to combine desirable traits and increase heterozygosity, thereby increasing, not reducing, genetic diversity in the population. Thus, statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Explanation:
The Widal test is a serological agglutination test used to diagnose enteric (typhoid) fever, caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi. It detects the presence of specific antibodies (O and H antigens) in the patient's serum against the O (somatic) and H (flagellar) antigens of the Salmonella typhi bacteria. A significant rise in antibody titer indicates an active or recent infection. It is not used for TB (Mantoux test), malaria (blood smear), or dengue (NS1/IgM).

Explanation:
Vitamin D (calcitriol) stimulates the production of calcium-binding proteins in the intestinal lining, enhancing calcium absorption. Deficiency leads to rickets/osteomalacia. Vitamin A is for vision, C for collagen, B₁₂ for nerve function.