An amalgam is an alloy of mercury with another metal. For example, sodium amalgam is used as a reducing agent; dental amalgam contains mercury, silver, tin, and copper. Bronze is Cu+Sn, brass is Cu+Zn, solder is Pb+Sn.
Explanation:
The chief impurity in iron ores (hematite, magnetite) is silica (SiO₂), which is acidic gangue. In the blast furnace, limestone (CaCO₃) is added as flux; it decomposes to CaO, which combines with silica to form fusible calcium silicate slag: CaO + SiO₂ → CaSiO₃. This slag floats on molten iron and is removed. Alumina may also be present but silica is the primary impurity.
Explanation:
Oxygen (atomic number 8) has electronic configuration 2,6. It needs 2 more electrons to complete its octet. In water (H₂O), it shares two electrons (one each with two hydrogen atoms), forming two covalent bonds. Hence valency = 2. Oxidation number is -2.
Explanation:
Water breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen when electricity is passed (electrolysis). A single reactant yields two or more products, hence decomposition. It is also a redox reaction. Combination is the opposite; displacement involves replacing an ion.
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