Aqua regia, which can dissolve gold and platinum, is a mixture of:
A. HF and HCl
B. HCl and HNO₃ in ratio 3:1
C. HCl and H₂SO₄
D. HNO₃ and H₂SO₄
Answer: Option B
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Aqua regia (royal water) is a 3:1 mixture by volume of concentrated HCl and HNO₃. It generates nascent chlorine and nitrosyl chloride, which oxidize gold and platinum to soluble chloro complexes (e.g., HAuCl₄). Neither acid alone can dissolve these noble metals. Used for cleaning glassware and in etching. Must be prepared fresh and handled with extreme care.
Explanation:
Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) enzymes convert glucose to ethanol and CO₂ anaerobically. Bacteria produce lactic acid or acetic acid; algae are photosynthetic.
Explanation:
Isobars: same mass number, different atomic number. Example: ⁴⁰Ar, ⁴⁰Ca. Isotopes: same atomic number, different mass number. Isotones: same number of neutrons. Isomers: same molecular formula, different structure.
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