Beta particles are high-energy, high-speed electrons (β⁻) or positrons (β⁺) emitted from a radioactive nucleus during beta decay. In β⁻ decay, a neutron converts to a proton, emitting an electron and an antineutrino. Beta particles have moderate penetrating power; they can be stopped by a few millimeters of aluminum. They cause less ionization than alpha.
Explanation:
Isotopes have identical atomic numbers (number of protons) but different mass numbers due to different numbers of neutrons. They have similar chemical properties but different physical properties like mass and density. Example: ¹²C and ¹⁴C, both have 6 protons.
Explanation:
Salt is obtained by evaporation of seawater in shallow ponds. Water evaporates leaving salt behind. Filtration cannot separate dissolved salt. Distillation would give pure water, not salt. Sublimation for sublimable solids.
Explanation:
Aldehydes are organic compounds containing the formyl group, -CHO, where a carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydrogen atom. -OH is the hydroxyl group (alcohols), -COOH is the carboxyl group (carboxylic acids), and -CO- is the carbonyl group (ketones).
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