Oxidation involves: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Crude petroleum is heated and the vapors are passed through a fractionating column where they condense at different levels according to boiling points. Fractions: petrol (40-120°C), kerosene (150-250°C), diesel (250-350°C), lubricating oil, etc. This is a continuous process. The column has trays and maintains temperature gradient. Simple distillation cannot separate close boiling mixtures.

Explanation:
Antoine Lavoisier, an 18th-century French chemist, is widely considered the father of modern chemistry. He transformed chemistry from a qualitative to a quantitative science, established the law of conservation of mass, debunked the phlogiston theory, and helped reform chemical nomenclature.

Explanation:
In a blast furnace, limestone (CaCO₃) decomposes to CaO, which acts as a basic flux. It reacts with the acidic impurity silica (SiO₂) to form calcium silicate slag (CaSiO₃), which is lighter and floats on top of the molten iron, allowing it to be separated and removed.