Statement and Conclusion MCQs

Reasoning

Statement and Conclusion MCQs

Practice Statement and Conclusion reasoning questions with answers and explanations for JKSSB, SSC, Banking, Railway and UPSC exams.

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Total Questions

Practice Questions

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Question #21
Statements:
1. All birds are animals.
2. All animals are mammals.
Conclusions:
I. All birds are mammals.
II. Some mammals are birds.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Since all birds are animals and all animals are mammals, all birds fall within the mammal category. Therefore, conclusion I is true. If all birds are mammals, it implies that at least some mammals are birds. Thus, conclusion II is also true.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #22
Statements:
1. Some cups are plates.
2. No plate is a spoon.
Conclusions:
I. Some cups are not spoons.
II. No cup is a spoon.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Since some cups are plates, and no plates are spoons, the portion of cups that are plates can never be spoons. Thus, some cups are definitely not spoons (Conclusion I). However, we do not know about all cups, so we cannot definitively say no cup is a spoon (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #23
Statements:
1. All trees are forests.
2. No forest is a desert.
Conclusions:
I. No tree is a desert.
II. Some forests are trees.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
If all trees are within the forest category, and the forest category has no overlap with the desert category, then no tree can be a desert (Conclusion I). Since all trees are forests, it is true that some forests (the ones made up of those trees) are trees (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #24
Statements:
1. Some books are pens.
2. Some pens are erasers.
Conclusions:
I. Some books are erasers.
II. No book is an eraser.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Either I or II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
There is no direct relationship established between books and erasers. They might overlap, or they might not. Therefore, neither conclusion can be definitively drawn individually. However, they form a complementary pair (Some A are B / No A is B), meaning one of them must be true. Hence, 'Either I or II follows' is the correct logical deduction. (Mapped to option C for this specific question).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #25
Statements:
1. All cars are vehicles.
2. Some vehicles are not machines.
Conclusions:
I. Some cars are not machines.
II. All vehicles are cars.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
We know all cars are vehicles, but the vehicles that are not machines might be entirely outside the 'cars' circle. Therefore, Conclusion I is not definite. Conclusion II is a reverse of an 'All' statement, which is generally invalid. Neither follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #26
Statements:
1. No cat is a dog.
2. No dog is a rat.
Conclusions:
I. No cat is a rat.
II. Some cats are rats.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Either I or II follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
When there are two negative statements, no definitive positive or negative relationship can be established between the subject of the first and the predicate of the second (cat and rat). Since I and II form a complementary pair covering all possibilities, either I or II must be true.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #27
Statements:
1. All squares are rectangles.
2. All rectangles are polygons.
Conclusions:
I. All squares are polygons.
II. Some polygons are squares.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
A -> B and B -> C means A -> C. Therefore, all squares are polygons (Conclusion I). Since all squares are polygons, it implies that at least some polygons (those specific squares) are squares (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #28
Statements:
1. Some musicians are singers.
2. All singers are dancers.
Conclusions:
I. Some musicians are dancers.
II. No musician is a dancer.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The musicians who are singers must also be dancers because all singers are dancers. Therefore, some musicians are definitely dancers. Conclusion I is true, and Conclusion II is false.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #29
Statements:
1. All water is liquid.
2. Some ice is water.
Conclusions:
I. Some ice is liquid.
II. All ice is liquid.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The part of ice that is water must also be liquid because all water is liquid. Therefore, some ice is liquid (Conclusion I). We do not know about all ice, so Conclusion II does not necessarily follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #30
Statements:
1. No A is B.
2. Some B are C.
Conclusions:
I. Some C are not A.
II. Some A are not C.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Since some B are C, and no B is A, the portion of C that is B can never be A. Thus, some C are definitely not A (Conclusion I). However, we do not know if the rest of A interacts with the rest of C, so Conclusion II does not follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #31
Statements:
1. All laptops are computers.
2. Some computers are tablets.
3. All tablets are devices.
Conclusions:
I. Some laptops are devices.
II. Some computers are devices.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
There is no direct connection given between laptops and tablets/devices, so Conclusion I does not follow. Since some computers are tablets, and all tablets are devices, those computers must be devices. Thus, Conclusion II follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #32
Statement:
The government has increased taxes on luxury cars to boost revenue.
Conclusions:
I. Luxury cars will become more expensive for buyers.
II. Revenue of the government will definitely increase.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Increasing taxes on a product directly increases its final cost to the buyer, so I follows. However, an increase in tax does not guarantee an increase in overall revenue, as sales volume might drop significantly. Therefore, II is not a definite conclusion.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #33
Statement:
Regular exercise is essential for maintaining good cardiovascular health.
Conclusions:
I. People who do not exercise will definitely suffer from heart diseases.
II. A healthy heart requires physical activity.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The statement says exercise is 'essential' (necessary) for good cardiovascular health, which directly supports Conclusion II. It does not state that lack of exercise is the sole cause of heart diseases (people might have bad health without having a specific 'disease'), making Conclusion I an extreme assumption.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #34
Statement:
If you work hard, you will succeed in the examination.
Conclusions:
I. Hard work is a sufficient condition for success in the examination.
II. Without hard work, one cannot succeed in the examination.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The statement is an 'If A then B' proposition. It means hard work guarantees success (I follows). However, it does not state 'Only if you work hard', meaning there could be other ways to succeed (e.g., being naturally brilliant). Thus, II does not logically follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #35
Statement:
All employees of this company are highly educated.
Conclusions:
I. The company only hires individuals with advanced degrees.
II. An uneducated person cannot be an employee of this company.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The statement says all current employees are highly educated, which implies an uneducated person is not among them (Conclusion II follows). However, 'highly educated' does not necessarily mean 'advanced degrees' (Ph.D., Master's, etc.), so Conclusion I is an over-assumption.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #36
Statements:
1. All roses are flowers.
2. Some flowers are red.
Conclusions:
I. Some roses are red.
II. All red things are flowers.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Roses are inside the flower circle, and the red circle intersects the flower circle. However, there's no guarantee the red circle intersects the rose circle specifically. Thus, I does not follow. II is a reversal of a 'some' statement, which is invalid.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #37
Statements:
1. Some scientists are philosophers.
2. All philosophers are writers.
Conclusions:
I. Some writers are scientists.
II. All scientists are writers.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The scientists who are philosophers must also be writers because all philosophers are writers. Therefore, some writers are scientists (Conclusion I). We cannot say all scientists are writers based on the given premises (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #38
Statements:
1. No student is a teacher.
2. All teachers are principals.
Conclusions:
I. No student is a principal.
II. Some principals are teachers.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
While no student is a teacher, the principal category could still encompass students outside of the teacher category. Therefore, I does not strictly follow. Since all teachers are principals, it is a fact that some principals are teachers (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #39
Statement:
The price of petrol has increased globally; hence, inflation in the country will rise.
Conclusions:
I. Petrol prices directly impact inflation in the country.
II. The country imports petrol from the global market.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The statement draws a direct cause-and-effect link between global petrol prices and domestic inflation, making Conclusion I valid. Furthermore, this link implies the country's economy is tied to global petrol prices, which logically implies it imports or relies on global petrol (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #40
Statement:
Reading books improves vocabulary and enhances imagination.
Conclusions:
I. People who do not read books have poor vocabulary.
II. A person with a good imagination definitely reads books.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The statement identifies reading as one way to improve vocabulary and imagination. It does not state it is the *only* way. People might improve vocabulary or imagination through other means. Therefore, neither conclusion strictly follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion

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