Statement and Conclusion MCQs

Reasoning

Statement and Conclusion MCQs

Practice Statement and Conclusion reasoning questions with answers and explanations for JKSSB, SSC, Banking, Railway and UPSC exams.

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Practice Questions

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Question #41
Statements:
1. All actors are handsome.
2. John is handsome.
Conclusions:
I. John is an actor.
II. John is not an actor.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Either I or II follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
John is in the 'handsome' category, but we do not know if he is inside the 'actor' sub-category or outside it. Therefore, neither is definite. However, since he must either be an actor or not an actor, the 'either/or' condition applies.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #42
Statements:
1. Some pens are not pencils.
2. All pencils are markers.
Conclusions:
I. Some pens are not markers.
II. Some markers are pencils.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Even if some pens are not pencils, those pens could still be markers (because the marker category is larger than the pencil category). Thus, I does not follow. Since all pencils are markers, some markers are definitely pencils (II follows).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #43
Statements:
1. All clouds are rain.
2. All rain is water.
Conclusions:
I. All water is clouds.
II. All clouds are water.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
A implies B, and B implies C. Therefore, A implies C (All clouds are water). Conclusion I is a reverse implication, which is invalid.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #44
Statements:
1. Some phones are smart.
2. No smart thing is cheap.
Conclusions:
I. Some phones are not cheap.
II. No phone is cheap.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The phones that are smart cannot be cheap (since no smart thing is cheap). Therefore, at least some phones are definitely not cheap (Conclusion I). We don't know about the phones that are not smart, so II does not follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #45
Statement:
In a recent survey, 80% of employees preferred remote work over office work to maintain a work-life balance.
Conclusions:
I. Office work completely destroys work-life balance.
II. Work-life balance is a priority for a majority of employees.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The statement shows a preference, not an absolute destructive nature of office work (Conclusion I is extreme). Because 80% (a majority) made a choice based on maintaining it, Conclusion II logically follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #46
Statement:
The meteorology department has predicted heavy rainfall and thunderstorms for the next 48 hours.
Conclusions:
I. Citizens should carry umbrellas when going out.
II. Flights might get delayed or cancelled.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Neither I nor II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Both conclusions are logical inferences based on the prediction of severe weather. Carrying an umbrella is a logical precaution, and severe thunderstorms logically impact aviation schedules.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #47
Statements:
1. All A are B.
2. All B are C.
3. All C are D.
Conclusions:
I. All A are D.
II. Some D are B.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Since it is a continuous chain of subsets (A is inside B, B inside C, C inside D), all A are definitively D. Additionally, since all B are D, some D are definitively B. Both follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #48
Statements:
1. Some shirts are pants.
2. Some pants are ties.
Conclusions:
I. Some shirts are ties.
II. Some ties are shirts.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The relationship 'some' does not chain logically. The shirts that are pants are not necessarily the pants that are ties. No relation can be established between shirts and ties. Therefore, neither conclusion follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #49
Statements:
1. No dog is a cat.
2. All cats are lions.
Conclusions:
I. No dog is a lion.
II. Some lions are not dogs.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
All cats are lions, and no dog is a cat. This means dogs cannot enter the 'cat' portion of the 'lion' circle. Therefore, those lions which are cats are definitely not dogs (Conclusion II). However, dogs could still overlap with the non-cat portion of lions, so Conclusion I does not follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #50
Statement:
Consuming too much sugar leads to obesity and diabetes.
Conclusions:
I. Sugar should be completely banned.
II. People who consume less sugar are completely safe from diabetes.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
The statement highlights the danger of 'too much' sugar, not sugar in general, making a total ban (I) an illogical extreme. Also, diabetes could be caused by genetics or other factors, so consuming less sugar does not guarantee 'complete safety' (II). Neither follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #51
Statements:
1. Some glasses are mirrors.
2. All mirrors are fragile.
Conclusions:
I. Some fragile things are glasses.
II. All glasses are fragile.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The glasses that are mirrors must also be fragile, meaning some fragile things are glasses (I follows). We do not know about the glasses that are not mirrors, so we cannot conclude they are all fragile (II does not follow).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #52
Statement:
The company has launched a new smartphone with advanced AI features at an affordable price.
Conclusions:
I. The company wants to attract tech-savvy customers.
II. The company's previous smartphones were very expensive.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
Launching advanced AI features indicates an intent to attract people interested in such tech (Conclusion I). However, the statement provides no information about the pricing history of the company's previous phones (Conclusion II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #53
Statements:
1. All apples are fruits.
2. No fruit is a vegetable.
3. Some vegetables are healthy.
Conclusions:
I. No apple is a vegetable.
II. Some healthy things are not apples.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Both I and II follow
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Since apples are fruits and no fruits are vegetables, apples cannot be vegetables (I follows). Some vegetables are healthy, and since vegetables cannot be apples, those healthy vegetables are definitely not apples (II follows).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #54
Statement:
Despite heavy security, a theft occurred in the museum.
Conclusions:
I. The security guards were involved in the theft.
II. Heavy security is not a 100% guarantee against theft.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Both I and II follow
B. Only conclusion II follows
C. Only conclusion I follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
The statement simply states a fact that theft occurred despite security. Assuming guard involvement (I) is speculation. However, it logically proves that heavy security does not entirely eliminate the possibility of theft (II).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #55
Statements:
1. All rivers are lakes.
2. All lakes are oceans.
Conclusions:
I. Some oceans are rivers.
II. No ocean is a river.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Either I or II follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
Because rivers -> lakes -> oceans, all rivers are oceans. If all rivers are oceans, then some oceans must be rivers. Therefore, Conclusion I is definitely true and Conclusion II is definitely false.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #56
Statements:
1. Some stars are moons.
2. Some moons are planets.
Conclusions:
I. No star is a planet.
II. Some stars are planets.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Either I or II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Neither I nor II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
There is no direct connection between stars and planets. Therefore, neither conclusion is certain. However, because they form a complementary pair (No A is B / Some A are B), one of them must mathematically be true. Thus, either I or II follows.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #57
Statement:
If India wins the match, a public holiday will be declared.
Conclusions:
I. India won the match, so a public holiday was declared.
II. A public holiday was declared, so India must have won the match.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow from the given rule?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion I follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option D

Explanation:
The statement represents 'If A then B' (A implies B). Therefore, if A happens, B definitely happens (Conclusion I). However, B could happen for other reasons (e.g., a festival), so B does not necessarily imply A (Conclusion II is a logical fallacy known as affirming the consequent).
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #58
Statements:
1. No lock is a key.
2. No key is a door.
Conclusions:
I. All locks are doors.
II. Some doors are locks.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion II follows
B. Only conclusion I follows
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option C

Explanation:
Two negative premises yield no positive conclusion between the unconnected terms (locks and doors). They might overlap, or they might not. Neither conclusion is definite.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #59
Statement:
The literacy rate in the state has increased by 15% over the last decade due to government initiatives.
Conclusions:
I. The government's initiatives were effective in promoting education.
II. The state had a very low literacy rate ten years ago.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Neither I nor II follows
C. Only conclusion II follows
D. Both I and II follow
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option A

Explanation:
The statement directly attributes the increase to government initiatives, meaning they were effective (I). However, an increase of 15% doesn't tell us the starting point; it could have increased from 70% to 85%, which is not 'very low'. Thus, II does not follow.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion
Question #60
Statements:
1. All squares are triangles.
2. No triangle is a circle.
Conclusions:
I. No square is a circle.
II. No circle is a square.
Which conclusion(s) logically follow?
A. Only conclusion I follows
B. Both I and II follow
C. Neither I nor II follows
D. Only conclusion II follows
Discuss
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Correct Answer: Option B

Explanation:
Since all squares are inside the triangle category, and nothing in the triangle category touches the circle category, squares and circles can never overlap. Therefore, both 'No square is a circle' and 'No circle is a square' are true.
This question belongs to: Reasoning Statement and Conclusion

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