The antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis is: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

The antibiotic that inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis is:
A. Tetracycline
B. Chloramphenicol
C. Streptomycin
D. Penicillin
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Penicillin and other beta-lactam antibiotics (cephalosporins, carbapenems) inhibit the transpeptidase enzyme involved in cross-linking peptidoglycan, weakening the cell wall and causing bacterial lysis. Tetracycline and streptomycin inhibit protein synthesis by acting on ribosomes. Chloramphenicol also inhibits protein synthesis. Penicillin is most effective against actively dividing gram-positive bacteria.

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Question #1
The enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate is:
A. Hexokinase
B. Pyruvate kinase
C. Glucose-6-phosphatase
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Correct Answer: Option A


Explanation:
Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using ATP, the first step of glycolysis. Phosphofructokinase is the third step, pyruvate kinase the last, glucose-6-phosphatase reverses the reaction in gluconeogenesis.

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Question #2
The disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae is:
A. Diphtheria
B. Pertussis
C. Tetanus
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Correct Answer: Option A


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Diphtheria affects the throat, forming a pseudomembrane, and releases a toxin affecting the heart and nerves. Tetanus is Clostridium, pertussis Bordetella, typhoid Salmonella.

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The Hardy-Weinberg principle describes:
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C. The mechanism of natural selection
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Correct Answer: Option D


Explanation:
The Hardy-Weinberg principle states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of evolutionary influences (like mutation, selection, gene flow, genetic drift, and non-random mating). It describes a theoretical, non-evolving population (genetic equilibrium) and provides a mathematical baseline (p2 + 2pq + q2 = 1) to measure evolutionary change.

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