Urea is chemically carbamide, with the formula CO(NH₂)₂. It is synthesized from ammonia and carbon dioxide in the Bosch-Meiser process. Option A is ammonium nitrate, B is ammonium sulfate, and D is calcium dihydrogen phosphate (a component of single superphosphate).
Explanation:
Inhibitors (negative catalysts) decrease reaction rate. Promoters enhance activity of a catalyst; activators increase effectiveness; autocatalysts are reaction products that catalyze the reaction.
Explanation:
Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, increasing the fraction of effective collisions. They are not consumed and do not alter the overall enthalpy change (ΔH) or equilibrium constant.
Explanation:
Real gases deviate from ideal behavior due to intermolecular forces and molecular volume. Ammonia (NH3) has strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding and a relatively large molecular size compared to small, non-polar gases like He, H2, and N2. Therefore, ammonia exhibits the greatest deviation from ideal gas behavior.
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