Hydrogen fuel cells combine H₂ and O₂ to produce electricity, heat, and water. It is a clean energy source. Coal, diesel, kerosene are conventional fuels burned in engines.
Explanation:
Atomic number 11 is sodium (Na). The electron shells fill as 2 in K, 8 in L, and the remaining 1 in M. Thus configuration is 2,8,1. It belongs to Group 1 (alkali metals) and Period 3. The configuration determines its valency (1) and reactivity.
Explanation:
In PH₃, phosphorus forms three covalent bonds with three hydrogen atoms, so its valency is 3. It has one lone pair. Its electronic configuration is 2,8,5; shares three electrons.
Explanation:
The element with atomic number 13 is Aluminum. Its electronic configuration is 2, 8, 3. Since it has 3 electrons in its outermost shell, it loses these 3 electrons to achieve a stable octet configuration, making its valency 3. It forms Al³⁺ ions in chemical compounds.
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