Centrifugation spins the mixture at high speed, causing denser particles (skimmed milk) to settle at the bottom while lighter cream floats on top. This is based on density differences. Distillation is for liquids, filtration for insoluble solids, sublimation for sublimable solids.
Explanation:
Baking soda is sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO₃). It is used as a leavening agent in baking (produces CO₂ upon heating or with acid), as an antacid, and in fire extinguishers. Sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) is washing soda. Calcium carbonate is limestone/marble. Potassium carbonate is potash. Baking powder is a mixture of NaHCO₃ and a weak acid like tartaric acid.
Explanation:
Diammonium phosphate (DAP), with the formula (NH4)2HPO4, is a widely used complex fertilizer. It provides two essential macronutrients: nitrogen (from the ammonium ion) and phosphorus (from the phosphate ion). Urea and ammonium sulfate provide only nitrogen, while muriate of potash provides potassium.
Explanation:
Petroleum (crude oil) and natural gas are formed from the remains of tiny marine organisms (plankton) that settled on the seabed, buried under sediment, and transformed by heat and pressure over millions of years. Coal is formed from terrestrial plant material in swampy conditions. Biogas is produced by anaerobic decomposition of organic waste. Charcoal is produced by destructive distillation of wood.
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