The scientific process of extracting a metal from its ore and refining it is called: MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
The quantum numbers n=3 and l=1 specify the 3p subshell. The magnetic quantum number m=-1 specifies one particular 3p orbital within that subshell. According to Pauli's Exclusion Principle, a single orbital can accommodate a maximum of two electrons, which must have opposite spins (+1/2 and -1/2).

Explanation:
Across a period, nuclear charge increases while electrons are added to the same shell, leading to stronger attraction, so atomic radius decreases and ionization energy generally increases (with some exceptions like N to O due to half-filled stability). Metallic character decreases, non-metallic character increases. Electron affinity becomes more negative (increases in magnitude). Exam note: Ionization energy trend: Increases across period, decreases down group.

Explanation:
Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) is the primary ore of aluminum. Haematite (Fe₂O₃) is an ore of iron. Cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury, and Galena (PbS) is an ore of lead. Bauxite is purified to alumina before being electrolyzed to extract pure aluminum metal.