The scientist who discovered the bacterium that causes cholera was:
A. Filippo Pacini
B. Louis Pasteur
C. John Snow
D. Robert Koch
Answer: Option A
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Filippo Pacini first observed Vibrio cholerae in 1854, but Robert Koch later independently identified it and demonstrated its role. Koch is often credited, but Pacini's discovery was earlier. John Snow linked cholera to water.
Explanation:
Secretin, released from the duodenum in response to acidic chyme, stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonate-rich fluid to neutralize the acid. Gastrin stimulates HCl, CCK enzyme secretion, motilin GI motility.
Explanation:
Bacterial cell walls (except Mycoplasma) contain peptidoglycan (murein), a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptides. Chitin is in fungi and arthropods, cellulose in plants, hemicellulose in plant cell walls along with cellulose.
Explanation:
Phagocytosis ('cell eating') is the engulfment of large particles or microbes by the cell membrane forming a phagosome. Pinocytosis is 'cell drinking' of liquids. Exocytosis is secretion.
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