Which catalyst is used in the conversion of vegetable oil to vanaspati ghee? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
15/5 = 3 half-lives. Remaining = (1/2)³ = 1/8 = 12.5%. Each half-life reduces the amount by half.

Explanation:
Across a period, the number of electron shells remains the same, but the nuclear charge (protons) increases. The added electrons enter the same valence shell, so the effective nuclear attraction on the electrons increases, pulling them closer and shrinking the atomic radius. Down a group, radius increases due to addition of shells. Electron-electron repulsion alone does not account for the trend. Atomic mass generally increases across a period.

Explanation:
The periodic table has 7 horizontal rows called periods. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. Properties change gradually across a period. Groups are vertical columns (18), where elements have similar valence electron configurations and thus similar chemical properties. Families are informal group names (e.g., halogens). Blocks (s, p, d, f) are based on the orbital in which the last electron enters.