Which of the following elements has the highest electronegativity?
A. Nitrogen
B. Oxygen
C. Chlorine
D. Fluorine
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Fluorine is the most electronegative element (Pauling scale 3.98). Electronegativity increases across a period and decreases down a group. Hence F > O > Cl > N.
Explanation:
Across a period, the atomic radius decreases. This is because the number of protons (nuclear charge) increases, pulling the electrons in the same shell closer to the nucleus, while the number of shells remains constant. This increases the effective nuclear charge experienced by the valence electrons.
Explanation:
Potassium (K) is at the top of the reactivity series, meaning it is the most reactive among the given metals. The order of reactivity (decreasing): K > Na > Ca > Mg > Al > Zn > Fe > Pb > Cu > Ag > Au. Potassium reacts violently with water and oxygen. Copper (Cu) is relatively unreactive and is found native in nature. Exam trick: Remember 'Please Stop Calling Me A Cute Zebra...' mnemonic.
Explanation:
Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) is the primary ore of aluminum. Haematite (Fe₂O₃) is an ore of iron. Cinnabar (HgS) is an ore of mercury, and Galena (PbS) is an ore of lead. Bauxite is purified to alumina before being electrolyzed to extract pure aluminum metal.
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