Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is a synthetic detergent (surfactant) used in shampoos and toothpaste. Soap is a natural detergent from fats/oils. Starch and cellulose are natural polymers, not detergents. SLS has a sulfate group and works well in hard water.
Explanation:
Froth flotation is used to concentrate sulfide ores. Galena (PbS) is a sulfide ore; it is wetted by oil (pine oil) and comes to the surface with froth, while gangue particles wetted by water settle down. Bauxite (Al₂O₃·2H₂O) is an oxide ore concentrated by leaching (Bayer's process). Magnetite (Fe₃O₄) is magnetic ore separated by magnetic separation. Carnallite (KCl·MgCl₂·6H₂O) is a halide ore.
Explanation:
Elements in the same vertical column (group) have the same number of electrons in their outermost shell (valence electrons). This gives them similar chemical properties. The number of shells increases as we go down a group, leading to trends in atomic radius and ionization energy.
Explanation:
Graphite conducts electricity due to delocalized electrons within its layers. Diamond is an insulator. Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) is a semiconductor but not as good a conductor as graphite in bulk; fullerene solids can be doped to become conductors. Charcoal is a poor conductor. Graphite electrodes are used in batteries and electrolysis.
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