Which of the following is an auto-immune disease? MCQ with Answer and Explanation

Explanation:
Amylin, also known as Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (IAPP), is a 37-amino acid peptide hormone that is co-secreted with insulin from the pancreatic beta cells in response to meals (in a ratio of about 1:100 to insulin). Its primary functions are to complement the actions of insulin in regulating postprandial (after-meal) glucose levels. It does this by slowing gastric emptying (preventing a rapid spike in blood glucose), suppressing the secretion of glucagon (preventing the liver from releasing glucose), and acting on the brain to promote satiety and reduce food intake.

Explanation:
Mendel's dihybrid cross (e.g., yellow round × green wrinkled) gave a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F₂ generation, illustrating independent assortment.

Explanation:
Root hairs are tubular extensions of epidermal cells in the zone of maturation of roots. They increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals. Cortical cells form the ground tissue, endodermis is the innermost layer of cortex with Casparian strip, and pericycle gives rise to lateral roots. Root hairs are unicellular in angiosperms, living for a short period and constantly replaced.