Which of the following isotopes is used in the treatment of blood cancers?
A. Sodium-24
B. Iodine-131
C. Carbon-14
D. Cobalt-60
Answer: Option D
Solution (By JKExamLibrary)
Cobalt-60 is a radioactive isotope that emits strong gamma radiation. It is widely used in radiotherapy to treat various types of cancers, including blood cancers like leukemia. Iodine-131 is used for thyroid disorders, Carbon-14 for radiocarbon dating, and Sodium-24 for detecting blood clots.
Explanation:
KBr is ionic; potassium (metal) transfers one electron to bromine (non-metal) forming K⁺ and Br⁻. CO₂ and H₂O are covalent (sharing). Cl₂ is covalent (nonpolar).
Explanation:
Electrolysis uses an external electric current to drive a chemical reaction that would not occur spontaneously. Example: 2NaCl (molten) → 2Na + Cl₂. Option A describes a galvanic cell. Electrolytic cells require energy input. Electroplating, extraction of reactive metals (Al, Na), and production of chemicals (NaOH, Cl₂) rely on electrolysis.
Explanation:
Chadwick bombarded beryllium (Be) with alpha particles from polonium, producing a highly penetrating neutral radiation, which he identified as neutrons: ⁹Be + ⁴He → ¹²C + ¹n. Gold was used by Rutherford for nucleus discovery. Uranium for fission. Lead for shielding.
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